Jun Wang: China’s Disaster Prevention and Rescue Policy
Photo: Chairman of China Democracy Party and China Democracy Party World Union, publisher of “China Democracy Journal” Mr. Jun Wang took photo before US Congress Hall.
[Editor Words] This article is written by Chairman of China Democracy Party and China Democracy Party World Union, publisher of “China Democracy Journal” Mr. Jun Wang on May 31, 2008 and modified on June 14, 2008. This article pointed out: Government should consider about establishing a disaster prevention and rescue department. The central government has the disaster prevention and rescue department, so do all levels of government in local provinces and cities. At town level, we can pick a few important places. The tasks of these departments include a lot, such as earthquakes, floods, fires and wind. They should forecast, rescue and rebuild. The fire force, police, medical system to students, workers, citizens and peasants are without exception. The military and army can help to do rescue as well, which is a key point. The easy access to information, fast rescue, abundant materials, convenient transportation and appropriate administration are the main responsibility of disaster prevention and rescue department. Once there is such a department, the safety of people’s lives and property can be confirmed, so do the stability of society.
Someone critics that the basic policy of China is “Sealing People’s Mouths is More Important than Preventing Disasters”. People can’t propose questions or discuss many topics, so all problems can’t be properly settled. As a result, tragic disasters happen. The earthquake happened in Sichuan province is a painful lesson to all.
I remember in August 2007, internet user with nickname “Red Diamond Empire” was arrested because of reveling disaster. This unfortunate internet user is a woman only 23 years old. She didn’t know the society so much and just believed what he saw. The underground shopping center in Jinan Yinzuo went through a big flood. The shopping center was shut down by police for many days. The people outside were not allowed to check the true situation. Though until nowadays, the Yinzuo Shopping Center hasn’t published the records of the whole process of this incident yet, it prevents people’s talks in collusion with the police.
As a matter of fact, there must be people dead in this incident and the number of people killed is not small. The Jinan local government has its own words that at least 34 people drowned in the flood. These unfortunate people were not deserved to die in the heavy rain. This is a tragedy, for which no one takes the responsibility. The local government doesn’t do anything to make up for the accident, but arrest people like “Red Diamond” who spoke the truth. The dispute over Jinan Flood Tragedy is transferred to Wang Guoyou. Nobody cared about how the people died, why they died and who should be responsible for the incident.
The accident makes me think about this year’s Sichuan Earthquakes. How familiar it is!
Chinese Citizen Politics Supervision Committee spokesman Guo Yongfeng pointed out: “The Sichuan Earthquakes is a natural disaster, but there were no effective initiatives to prevent it, even though specialists had forecasted the possibility of a future earthquake in Sichuan Province. The signs such as escaping of animals are obvious before the earthquake. However, under the high pressure of “Olympics” and in order to make sure the stability of its autocratic power, especially for the safe transmission of the so called “Auspicious Cloud” torch, the government firmly blocks the talks as rumors to them. The people believed to spread rumors will be oppressed ruthlessly. More than ten people have been arrested around the country. As a result, over thousands of lives disappear in a second.
Are the sayings of Guo, Yongfeng too extreme? Not at all. He has enough evidence to prove the truth. His hometown in Longnan Town, Gansu Province belongs to the same plate as the place where the earthquake happened. The center was 8 grade and Longnan was 7.8 grade of earthquake level.
After the earthquake, the rescuers were really late to reach the spots, facilitates are backward and their techniques of saving people is so poor. Many only used bare hands to do the recuing works. All these caused anger in people. However, knowing the inability of themselves, the government still declined the offerings from other countries to help in order to keep its vain face. Though after the endeavor from many aspects, the government finally allowed the rescue teams from other countries to come, it was too late to save more lives in time. The dead people were gone. Are the thousands of people’s death capable of waking up the government?
Seeing the fallen houses in Gansu Province in the disaster makes me so sad. Even though these houses didn’t collapse, the people’s poverty still triggers sorrow inside my heart. I can’t afford it anymore! Helpless elder men are so tragic. They lose their home and can’t enjoy a happy last life. Poor students have to live inside lagged classrooms. Our power is limited, but we need to initiate a donation to help them! Because, the true love has no boundary.
Because the transportation and information are cut up for a long time, the disaster happen in Gansu Province was ignored by outsider. Unlike the continuous live reports on the earthquake in Wenchuan, the disaster in Gansu was unknown to many due to many reasons. Even people in Gansu Province thought the disaster is not severe in Gansu.
According to the statistics from Wen Town promotion department, until May 20, 94 people died and 1083 injured in Wenxian during North Sichuan Earthquake. It is the most serious area damaged by earthquake. If it is not for the more severe earthquake in Sichuan, the disaster here can be recognized as a seldom seen earthquake since the founding of P.R.China.
However, the statistics firstly shown at the beginning of the earthquake didn’t tell the truth. Taking the dead number for example, the reported deaths are only 12 at first. The government was criticized a lot for the mistake. The public thinks government intentionally covers the true disaster situation.
Officials in Wen Town can’t accept this saying. They consider earthquake a natural disaster. As local government, it doesn’t have to take the responsibility, so there is no motivation to conceal deliberately. Some people have proven that after the earthquake, there were actually several local leaders in Ba Village, Wen Town who said words like “not serious”. What worth attention is that not only local leaders who underestimate the disaster. The second day after disaster, Gansu Red Cross Institute has planned to donate one thousand sheets to Longnan. However, before the materials setting up, they are told that disaster areas don’t need these. What is the fact? Because the houses fell down, many villagers in remote areas couldn’t grasp a thing from home.
Some journalists in Wen Town discovered in the interviews that until the seven days after earthquake on May 19, 2008, the rescuing tents started to be distributed to villagers in disaster.
王军：中国防灾救灾策！
——中国应建立“防灾救灾部”
【编者按】“中国防灾救灾策”是中国民主党、中国民主党世界同盟主席、《中国民主报》社社长王军在2008年5月31日所写，2008年6月14日修改的一篇文章。文章指出： 政府应当考虑成立常设的防灾救灾部门。在国务院中设“防灾救灾部”，在各省市自治区以及地区一级，也应普遍建立“防灾救灾局”，至于在县级当然只需要选择少数重点了。这些防灾救灾部门的任务，可谓千头万绪，从地震、火灾、水灾、风灾到流行病无所不管；从预测、预报到救助、重建，样样不离；从消防、公安、医务，到学生、工人、市民、农民，无一可例外，而协调军队和武警使他们救援更加得法，更是关键。信息的灵通，救助的及时，物资的充裕，道路的通达，安置的妥善，乃是防灾救灾部门无时无刻、尽心尽力操劳的事。有了这样一个专职部门，人们的生命财产安全，社会的安全稳定，就会更加有保障了！
有人批评，中共的国策向来是“防民之口重于防灾救灾”，不准提出问题，不准讨论问题，所以也就无从解决问题，结果才酿成大祸。像这次四川大地震就可以总结出一连串极其沉痛的教训。
我记得2007年8月，济南网友“红钻帝国”就因为透露灾害情况而遭到逮捕。这位不幸的网友还是一位女性，刚刚23岁，涉世未深，她相信朋友的现场目击，济南的银座地下商场发生大水淹死了人。事后银座被数百警力严密封锁达数日之久，不准外界核实真实情况。虽然迄今为止，银座商场仍然无法向社会公布事发过程的全部原始录像以证明“红钻帝国”所说不实，但依然伙同警方钳民之口甚于防川。
事实上，那次事件中，济南肯定淹死了人，而且淹死的人还不是一个小数字。据济南当局自己的说法，至少淹死了34人。这些不幸的灾胞死在济南的那场大雨中，而他们本不该死，这是一个非常惨痛、非常严重的事情，结果却没有人为这个事件负责，当局也不需要承担任何责任，反而动手抓人。“红钻帝国”被抓以后，关于济南水灾的争论，就全部转移到万国有身上了；至于灾胞是怎么死的、为什么死的、谁应该对此负责，反倒没有人关心了。
这不禁使我想起了今年发生的四川大地震。似曾相识啊！
中国公民监政会发起人郭永丰日前指出，四川大地震虽属自然灾害，但在震前没有采取任何有效预防措施，即便民间和有关专家已经预告四川地区可能发生大地震，各种震前动物乱窜征兆明显，但在“奥运”重压下，为确保独裁政权稳定，尤其为了号称“祥云”的真正属于“灾火”的火炬顺利传递，政府坚决进行“辟谣”封锁，对有关“传谣”人员进行无情打压，在全国已拘捕十多人。结果，数万生命瞬间化为乌有。
郭永丰的这种说法是否有些偏激呢？并不是的，他有充分的事实根据。比如他的家乡甘肃陇南，和震中属于一个地震板块，震中为8级，陇南为7.8级，震中每晚发生六七次余震，陇南也发生六七次余震。听他家里打来电话，他们村房屋90%以上全部夷为平地。郭永丰家房屋由于紧靠山脚，虽然没有完全倒塌，已属危房，房墙破损倾斜，屋顶瓦片落地，屋架还在倾斜树立。附近村子不但房屋全部夷为平地，还死伤很多人。幸亏这次地震发生在下午两点多，村民老小都全部下地或外出，停留在家里的也及时逃了出来。
地震发生之后，救援人员的滞后派出、救援设备的陈旧落伍、救援人员专业技术和水平的严重落后、极其原始落后的现场手工作业，等等，都让人万分恼火。并且，明知自己不行，使不上劲，还死要面子，拒绝他国救援队前来救助。后来，经过多方努力，在万般无奈之下，才勉强答应让外国救援队前来救援，但已延误时机，耽误很多生命未能被及时救活，等等。也许死去的就这样无辜死去了，但数万的亡灵能否换来当局的潘然醒悟？
看着甘肃灾区大量倒了的房子，我感到心寒：这些房子即使没有倒，这样的贫寒，能不让人感到心酸吗？我已经看不下去了！无助的老人，同样的悲怆，谁没有家乡，谁不需要安享天年，可怜的学生却住在这样破败的教室里。我们的力量再是有限，也要为他们发起募捐运动！因为真爱无疆。
由于交通和信息一度中断，甘肃不少受灾严重的县一度被外界忽略。与汶川县地震消息在第一时间发布和滚动播发不同，位于甘肃的文县就由于种种原因，灾情无法被外界获知。不少甘肃本省的人在相当长的一段时间里都被误导，以为甘肃灾情并不重。
根据文县县委宣传部提供的数字，截至5月20日，在川北大地震中，文县死亡94人，伤1083人，倒塌房屋11万余间，是甘肃省受灾最严重地区。如果不是因为灾情更为惨重的四川，仅凭以上数字即可判定这亦属建国以来罕见的重大地震灾害。
不过，灾情刚刚发生之际，统计数字似乎并不能完全反映真正的灾情，以死亡数字为例，当地最初的上报死亡人数仅为12人。政府为此饱受诟病，公众以此认为官方有意隐瞒灾情。
文县有关官员对此说法显然无法接受。他们认为，地震是天灾，作为地方政府，无需承担责任，因此并不存在有意隐瞒的动机。不少人士证实，地震发生后，文县范坝乡确曾有基层领导公开讲过灾害“不严重”之类的话语。值得注意的是，“低估”灾情的似乎并不仅仅是基层领导，在灾后发生第二天，甘肃省红十字会曾计划捐助陇南一千床棉被，然而在出发前却被告知：灾区并不需要这个。而事实上呢？由于房屋倒塌，一些住在深山的村民未能从家中取出一件物品。
有些记者在文县采访中发现，一直到震后第七天的2008年5月19日，救灾帐篷才开始陆续发放到农村灾民手中，且远远无法满足需要。如范坝乡，按每15名灾民使用一个帐篷的比例发放，而一个帐篷的面积仅12平方米，至多供8人居住。地震之后，甘肃出动了七百余名武警协助村民救灾，记者走访时发现，大多村庄武警战士已经先期赶到，主要是帮助灾民抢出倒塌房中下面的粮食。然而，武警战士的好心有时却被更加好心的村民们拒绝了，因为村民们发现，这些战士其实也都是来自农村的娃娃。“我们粮食损失了没什么，人家娃娃要是受了伤可担待不起。”一位村民说。文县当地居民曾自发为部队官兵送菜送粮，结果均被谢绝。
与对待部队官兵的态度有所不同：尽管地方政府在此次救灾中表现出足够的努力，但灾民们仍有不满。在文县范坝乡，由于乡政府大楼亦受损严重，被迫搬出在外办公，并用一些塑料薄膜搭起一个简易棚，结果被尚无住处的村民将其扯坏。可见人民的对政府真有意见。
2008年5月19日，第一批空运物资由直升机运至范坝乡，由于降落地点临时改变，附近一村村民率先到达。乡政府派至接收物资的民兵发现后，与村民发生了冲突。据范坝乡派出所一民警称，冲突原因是村民哄抢救灾物资。不过另有目击者称，村民其实只是帮忙将物资从直升机上搬下，并无哄抢之意。可见政府对人民的根深蒂固的不信任。
另外，村里人表示没有见过直升机，主要是去看新鲜。事后，一位认为受委屈的村民到乡政府找人“评理”，结果却遭到围打。在接受本报记者采访时，该村村民显得充满顾虑，他们担心本村被政府“记恨”，进而影响到灾后的救济。但是当地村民毕竟是善良的，他们尽管对镇政府多有怨言，但在得知乡里中学将要复课之后，纷纷自愿将自家的毛竹砍下，无偿帮学校搭建教室。可见，失职的是政府，真诚而朴实的是人民。
中国人民大学的周诚有一个建议，认为中国应该建立一个“防灾救灾部”。我觉得这个建议很好，特别提出来，供大家参考。
正如他所说的那样，唐山大地震几乎震动了全国，使人们手忙脚乱了好大一阵子，人们也就逐步忘掉了这一阵痛。然而，事隔32年，一个史无前例的汶川大地震突然袭来，这回不仅振动了全中国，而且震动了全世界！全国人民伸出援助之手，世界各国人民无不关心，救灾进展迅速而大有成效。然而，在如此迅速而有效的救助之中，仍然不时显露出被动与忙乱。例如，震中地区通讯中断而长期无法联系，生命探测仪不能及时到位而使许多蒙难者失去被救助的时机，人们突然发现对帐篷的需要数量惊人而突击生产，然后“堰塞湖”又成了新的巨大难题，的确，我们对于大地震原来如此陌生而疏于准备！
那么，把此次大地震当作一所“防灾救灾大学”，就很有必要了！顺理成章的是，政府应当考虑成立常设的防灾救灾部门。在国务院中设“防灾救灾部”，在各省市自治区以及地区一级，也应普遍建立“防灾救灾局”，至于在县级当然只需要选择少数重点了。这些防灾救灾部门的任务，可谓千头万绪，从地震、火灾、水灾、风灾到流行病无所不管；从预测、预报到救助、重建，样样不离；从消防、公安、医务，到学生、工人、市民、农民，无一可例外，而协调军队和武警使他们救援更加得法，更是关键。
信息的灵通，救助的及时，物资的充裕，道路的通达，安置的妥善，乃是防灾救灾部门无时无刻、尽心尽力操劳的事。有了这样一个专职部门，人们的生命财产安全，社会的安全稳定，就会更加有保障了！
另外我还要补充一点：光有“防灾救灾部”还是不够的，还需要信息的透明和流通，否则，即使有一百个大大小小“防灾救灾部”，也还是黑箱作业，解决不了任何问题，而只能加重人民的税收负担，又多养了一批骑在人民头上作威作福的党老爷。因此，中国首先需要的是开放报禁。增强人民的知情权。使人民有足够的思想准备：自救、互救、协调救助。尽减损失。
大家都看见了，这次地震导致新闻管制松动，结果不仅没有天下大乱，反而促成了空前团结一致。这就是人民的力量！政府应该信任这股可贵的力量，而不是任意摧残她。
2008年5月31日于美国纽约写，2008年6月14日修改。
（作者为中国民主党世界同盟主席）
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